{"id":10018,"date":"2020-06-18T17:51:50","date_gmt":"2020-06-18T17:51:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/?p=10018"},"modified":"2020-06-18T18:06:43","modified_gmt":"2020-06-18T18:06:43","slug":"is-alcohol-fueling-south-africas-gbv-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/is-alcohol-fueling-south-africas-gbv-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis?"},"content":{"rendered":"<header><div class=\"contained\"><div><div><\/div><div class=\"content\"><h1>Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis?<\/h1><a href=\"#recoveryModal\" class=\"btn submit\" data-toggle=\"modal\">Reach out now, we can help<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><div id=\"crumbs\" class=\"contained\" data-is-podcasts=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\">Home<\/a>  \/  <\/div><h3 data-date='18 June 2020' class='article-title'>Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis?<\/h3><div class='info'><span>18 June, 2020<\/span><span>Articles, News<\/span><\/div>\n<p>The\nlink between alcohol and levels of violence in South Africa has been\ngreatly debated since the 1<sup>st<\/sup> of June, when the ban on the\nsale of alcohol was lifted. Our society experiences massive levels of\ngender based violence and subsequent to the lifting of restriction of\nalcohol sale, 21 women have been murdered in domestic violence\nincidents. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The question thus\narises; &ldquo;Are we able to demonstrate a link between alcohol use and\ngender based violence? &ldquo; \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the President&rsquo;s\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dirco.gov.za\/docs\/speeches\/2020\/cram0617.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">speech<\/a>\nlast night, he is quoted as saying, <em>&ldquo;In particular, we need to\nexamine the effect of alcohol abuse not only on levels of violence,\nbut also on road accidents and reckless behaviour. Several\ninternational and domestic studies show clear linkages between\nalcohol abuse and gender-based violence<\/em>.&rdquo; \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unsurprisingly, 85% of the victims of gender based violence are female, according to the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics. Women experience intimate partner violence at a 5-8 times higher rate than men and most of the partner abuse takes place in the home.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domestic violence as a legal term includes different forms of abuse : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Physical acts, such as hitting,\n\tpunching, slapping or pulling of hair;\n\t<\/li><li>Sexual abuse including rape,\n\tmarital rape, treating a partner in a sexually abusive and demeaning\n\tway, and molestation,\n\t<\/li><li>Emotional abuse for example\n\tintentional and malicious attacks on a partner&rsquo;s self-worth, and,\n\t<\/li><li>Psychological abuse including\n\tcontrolling the partner, blackmail, threatening harm to children,\n\tviolence toward pets, and intimidation.  \n\t\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Violence against an\nintimate partner can also include stalking, social isolation (for\nexample, not letting an intimate partner leave the house), and\ndepriving them of resources and necessities.  \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Various studies have\nidentified substance abuse as a factor in 40-60% of incidents of\ndomestic violence, either in precipitating the abuse or exacerbating\nit. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/world_report\/factsheets\/ft_intimate.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\nby the WHO<\/a> shows that alcohol use increases both the occurrence\nand severity of the violence against an intimate partner. More than\n20% of male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) had used\nalcohol or drugs immediately before the most recent incidents of\nviolence. The Sonke Gender Justice Project conducted <a href=\"-%20%20https:\/genderjustice.org.za\/article\/alcohol-abuse-linked-gender-based-violence-increased-alcohol-prices-not-liquor-amendment-bill\/\">research\ninto the relationship between alcohol abuse gender-based violence<\/a>\n(GBV) in 2016.  According to their studies, women with male partners\nwho &ldquo;come home drunk frequently&rdquo; are 4 to 7 times more likely to\nsuffer violence than those whose partners drink infrequently.\nPerpetrators of gender based violence are 5 times more likely than\nnon-perpetrators to consume alcohol . Male-to-female aggression is 11\ntimes more likely to occur on days when perpetrators have consumed\nalcohol. The Sonke Project have has also documented links between\nalcohol abuse and the transmission of HIV, where &ndash; problem drinkers\nhad a 2.0 fold higher prevalence of HIV then non-problem drinkers. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women in abusive\nrelationships often report that their abusive partner coerced them\ninto engaging in alcohol and drug consumption, although, even where\nwomen do not commonly engage in harmful alcohol use, men&rsquo;s drinking\nis a risk factor. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/16549716.2020.1739845\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a\nfour-country study from Asia-Pacific<\/a>, found if a woman&rsquo;s\npartner drank alcohol regularly, they were more likely to experience\nintimate partner violence. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/16549716.2020.1739845\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\naimed at understanding the drivers<\/a> of intimate partner violence\n(IPV), perpetrated by men and experienced by women, shows that there\nare multiple scenarios in which alcohol abuse leads to increases in\nintimate partner violence. &ldquo;Consuming harmful levels of alcohol can\nlead to more frequent quarrelling about finances and household\nresponsibilities, as money and time are spent drinking. For couples\nwho often drink together, there may be alcohol-related diminishment\nof cognitive functioning, increasing the likelihood of arguments in\nrelationships becoming violent. Qualitative research in one IPV\nprevention trial in South Africa, Stepping Stones and Creating\nFutures, found that one way women sought to reduce their IPV risk was\nnot arguing with their male partner if he, or she herself, were\ndrunk. While not transforming gender relationships, this was an\nimportant harm reduction strategy that emphasized how alcohol,\nquarrelling and IPV are interlinked&rdquo;. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the 1<sup>st<\/sup>\nof June, videos went viral of queues of people waiting to get into\noutlets to buy alcohol.  Although less <a href=\"https:\/\/bhekisisa.org\/opinion\/2020-06-11-why-did-south-africa-ban-alcohol-during-lockdown-covid19-coronavirus-evidence\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">than\na third of adult South Africans drink alcoho<\/a>l, almost six out of\n10 drinkers engage in binge drinking, according to a 2018 World\nHealth Organisation report. The same study ranks South Africa as the\n6<sup>th<\/sup> heaviest drinkers in the world. South Africans who\nconsume alcohol, drink the equivalent of 5.4 standard drinks per day.\nThere can be little doubt that South Africans have a problematic\nrelationship with alcohol. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although this article\nhas focused on violence against women, it should not be forgotten\nthat violence fuelled by drug and alcohol consumption also takes\nplace in same-sex relationships. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and\ntransgendered individuals have higher rates of substance abuse than\nthe general population, often due to the prejudice that many of them\nface in their lives, and this may manifest in violence carried out\nwithin their domestic unions. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As President Cyril\nRamaphosa said, <em>&ldquo;We need to draw the lessons from this lockdown\nand decide how we can protect our society from the abuse of alcohol.\nCertainly, we need to provide greater support to people with drinking\nproblems, including through rehabilitation and treatment&hellip;..Of\ncourse, it is not alcohol that rapes or kills a woman or a child.\nRather, it is the actions of violent men. But if alcohol intoxication\nis contributing to these crimes, then it must be addressed with\nurgency&rdquo;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Alcohol addiction (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/alcohol-addiction\/\" target=\"_blank\">Alcohol addiction<\/a> is widespread due to its easy accessibility and social acceptance. If compulsive and uncontrolled alcohol consumption, binge drinking, blackouts and reckless behaviour under the influence dominate your life, you may be an alcoholic. If you or a loved one needs help with addiction or alcoholism, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"contact us (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\">contact us<\/a> for a consultation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resources : <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/16549716.2020.1739845\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/16549716.2020.1739845<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274603\/9789241565639-eng.pdf?ua=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274603\/9789241565639-eng.pdf?ua=1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sanews.gov.za\/south-africa\/murder-spike-noted-level-3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.sanews.gov.za\/south-africa\/murder-spike-noted-level-3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/world_report\/factsheets\/ft_intimate.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/world_report\/factsheets\/ft_intimate.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dirco.gov.za\/docs\/speeches\/2020\/cram0617.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.dirco.gov.za\/docs\/speeches\/2020\/cram0617.pdf<\/a>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za\/article\/alcohol-abuse-linked-gender-based-violence-increased-alcohol-prices-not-liquor-amendment-bill\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za\/article\/alcohol-abuse-linked-gender-based-violence-increased-alcohol-prices-not-liquor-amendment-bill\/<\/a>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/bhekisisa.org\/opinion\/2020-06-11-why-did-south-africa-ban-alcohol-during-lockdown-covid19-coronavirus-evidence\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/bhekisisa.org\/opinion\/2020-06-11-why-did-south-africa-ban-alcohol-during-lockdown-covid19-coronavirus-evidence<\/a>\/ <\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis? Reach out now, we can help Home \/ Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis? 18 June, 2020Articles, News The link between alcohol and levels of violence in South Africa has been greatly debated since the 1st of June, when the ban on the sale of alcohol was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10036,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36,4],"tags":[38,195,196,26,69,167],"class_list":["post-10018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-articles","tag-alcoholism","tag-gender-based-violence","tag-intimate-partner-violence","tag-addiction","tag-alcohol","tag-lockdown","entry"],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49-80x80.png",80,80,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49-300x340.png",300,340,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false],"large":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false],"alm-thumbnail":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49-150x150.png",150,150,true],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Screenshot-2020-06-18-at-19.07.49.png",485,550,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis?Reach out now, we can helpHome \/ Is Alcohol Fueling South Africa&#8217;s GBV crisis?18 June, 2020Articles, News The link between alcohol and levels of violence in South Africa has been greatly debated since the 1st of June, when the ban on the sale of alcohol was lifted. Our society experiences massive levels of gender based violence and subsequent to the lifting of restriction of alcohol sale, 21 women have been murdered in domestic violence incidents. The question thus arises; &ldquo;Are we able to demonstrate a link between alcohol use and gender based violence? &ldquo;&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"<a href=\"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/category\/news\/\" rel=\"category tag\">News<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/category\/news\/articles\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Articles<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"admin","url":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/author\/admin\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10018"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10018\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssdev.co.za\/crossroads-old\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}